Registre des sources

Agence pour la gestion integree des incendies ruraux (Portugal) — Rapport annuel d'activites

AGIF created by Decreto-Lei 12/2018 of 16 February 2018 — coordination and planning only, no firefighting. Prevention rose from 20% of system spending in 2017 to about 54% in 2025; deaths fell from over 100 in 2017 to 6 in 2025. Use ICNF/AGIF figures for national area burned and EFFIS only for EU comparison.

Avalon Project, Yale — Discours d'adieu d'Eisenhower (1961)

The 'military-industrial complex' warning.

BC Wildfire Service — Brulage culturel et dirige

British Columbia is the only province publishing an annual cultural and prescribed fire total: 6,351 ha across 76 projects in 2025, against 886,300 ha burned by wildfire that year. There is no federal equivalent and no national prescribed-burn target.

SCHL Rapport sur le marche locatif

Semi-annual rental market survey data

Commission de protection du territoire agricole du Quebec

Quebec agricultural land protection data. FR primary.

Regie de l'energie du Canada — L'energie renouvelable au Canada

Generation mix by source; wind and solar as fastest-growing additions

Gazette du Canada — Reglement modifiant l'annexe 2 de la Loi sur la tarification de la pollution causee par les gaz a effet de serre et le Reglement sur la redevance sur les combustibles (DORS/2025-107)

Registered 15 March 2025, in force 1 April 2025. The fuel charge was ZEROED, not repealed — Part 1 of the GGPPA remains law, so a future government could restore it by regulation rather than legislation. Its own RIAS concedes: 'The elimination of the fuel charge and the CCR would generally be expected to benefit wealthier Canadians who tend to use more fossil fuels, whereas lower- and middle-income households would generally be negatively impacted.'

Societe canadienne d'hypotheques et de logement

Housing starts, rental market data, housing supply reports

Agence du revenu du Canada — Maximum des gains ouvrant droit a pension et cotisations pour 2025

2025 YMPE $71,300. Base CPP is capped; CPP2 (from 2024) extends to YAMPE $81,200. CPP benefits are also capped.

Agence du revenu du Canada — Rapport sur l'ecart fiscal federal global

CRA official estimate: net federal tax gap $34.7B (gross $59.5B) for 2022. The $47.8B figure is the Conference Board of Canada's 2017 upper bound.

Centre canadien d'information sur l'energie — Cahier d'information sur l'energie

Clean power share of electricity generation, Spring 2026 edition

Centre interservices des feux de foret du Canada

National wildfire coordination and statistics

Logement de la Ville de Vienne

Vienna social housing model — international comparison for The Rent Cheque

Bureau de la concurrence Canada — Le Canada a besoin de plus de concurrence dans le secteur de l'epicerie

2023. The Big Three (Loblaw, Sobeys, Metro) reported >$100B in sales and >$3.6B in profit in 2022 — that figure is Big-Three-only, NOT 'plus Costco and Walmart' (neither discloses Canadian-segment profit).

Ministere des Finances Canada — Rapport financier annuel 2018-2019

2018-19: personal income tax $163.9B, corporate $50.4B, non-resident $9.4B (= $223.6B of INCOME TAX, not total federal revenue of $332.2B).

Ministere des Finances Canada — Budget 2024, Une chance equitable pour chaque generation

Budget 2024 contains NO $600M wildfire line (that figure welds together three envelopes across 2022-2026). What it did: $145.2M/5yr First Nations emergency management; volunteer firefighter tax credit doubled $3,000->$6,000 ($105M/6yr); only $800,000 to NRCan for firefighting capacity.

Ministere de la Justice du Canada — Loi visant a batir le Canada

S.C. 2025, c. 2, s. 4. Enacted by Bill C-5; royal assent 26 June 2025, twenty days after first reading. Schedule 1 (National Interest Projects) verified against the enacted text on 2026-07-15: column headers only, zero project rows.

Ministere de la Justice du Canada — Loi sur la responsabilite en matiere de net zero emissions

S.C. 2022, c. 15 — legislated 2030 and 2050 milestones, Net-Zero Advisory Body

Ministere de la Justice du Canada — Loi sur l'impot minimum mondial

SC 2024, c.17, s.81. Royal assent 20 June 2024; OECD Pillar Two 15% minimum; MNE groups with consolidated revenue >= EUR 750M; first returns due 30 June 2026.

Departement du Premier ministre et du Cabinet (Australie) — Gestion des feux de savane

10 April 2026. 86 projects, 34.9M ha enrolled (not burned), ~70% Indigenous-held, ~1 Mt CO2-e abated annually, ~$59M/yr revenue. The scheme is contested: see Bowman/Macintosh et al. on fire intensity and over-crediting, and Jones et al. on smoke.

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada

Plastic pollution and waste flow data

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Tarification du carbone

Federal carbon pricing policy and OBPS details

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Reglement sur l'electricite propre

Finalized Dec 2024; emission limits begin 2035, net-zero grid by 2050

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Projections des emissions de GES

Official emissions projections vs. 2005 baseline and 2030 targets

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Rapport d'inventaire national

Annual UNFCCC submission — National Inventory Report (NIR)

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Emissions de GES preliminaires

Official preliminary national GHG inventory tables 1990–2023

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada — Indicateur du changement de temperature

Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators — national temperature trends

GOPAC / Newt Gingrich — Language: A Key Mechanism of Control (1990)

The memo is 1990, not 1994. 'sick', 'pathetic', 'traitors', 'corrupt' all appear in its Contrasting Words list.

Agence federale allemande de l'environnement (UBA)

German packaging and recycling recovery rates

Affaires mondiales Canada — Exportations de marchandises militaires

The GDLS-Canada LAV contract with Saudi Arabia (2014, via the Canadian Commercial Corporation) is ~$15B, the largest Canadian arms export deal. Saudi Arabia was the top destination in 2024 ($1.293B).

Gouvernement de la Suede, Ministere des Finances — La taxation du carbone en Suede

government.se returns 403 to automated fetching; readable via the r.jina.ai proxy. Sweden's own figures pair 1990-2021 at real GDP +92% and emissions -33%. The widely repeated '85% / 29%' matches NO Swedish source and appears to weld two periods together. 'Highest in the world' is contested — Norway leads on headline rate; Sweden's defensible claim is highest BROAD-BASED carbon tax.

Gouvernement du Canada — Plan de reduction des emissions pour 2030

2030 ERP (March 2022) and 2025 Progress Report under the Net-Zero Act

Gouvernement du Canada — Le Canada et l'action climatique internationale

UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, and Canadian multilateral climate engagement overview

Gouvernement du Canada — Cible de reduction des emissions du Canada pour 2035

2035 NDC of 45-50% below 2005, submitted to UNFCCC 11 Feb 2025 (~381-419 Mt CO2e)

Gouvernement du Canada — L'avenir de l'electricite propre du Canada

Clean electricity goals and grid expansion to 2050

Gouvernement du Canada — Contribution determinee au niveau national renforcee

2021 Paris Agreement 2030 target: 40–45% below 2005 levels

Sources gouvernementales — Transport en commun Luxembourg / Vienne / Grand Paris Express

Luxembourg free nationwide since 1 March 2020. Vienna EUR365 annual pass (from 2012), >1M sold. Grand Paris Express ~200 km; EUR35.6B is a 2012-euro figure, ~EUR42B in 2020 terms.

Sante Canada — La sante des Canadiens et Canadiennes dans un climat en changement

Chapter 5, Natural Hazards. Estimates 620 to 2,700 wildfire-smoke deaths annually in Canada from 2013 to 2018.

GIEC — Changement climatique 2021 : bases physiques (GT I AR6)

AR6 Working Group I — ocean heat uptake, sea level, carbon cycle

Services aux Autochtones Canada

Official tracker for long-term drinking water advisories on First Nations reserves

Services aux Autochtones Canada — Programme d'aide a la gestion des urgences, statistiques cles

Response and recovery expenditures by fiscal year. Evacuation counts are person-evacuations, not unique individuals.

Services aux Autochtones Canada — Evacuations des Premieres Nations liees aux feux de vegetation

Live season tracker. Covers on-reserve First Nations only; no all-population national evacuee total exists. The department's 2025 figures are internally inconsistent (45,000 from 73 First Nations in an October 2025 release; 44,920 from 61 in a May 2026 release).

Agence internationale de l'energie — Energie et IA

IEA 2025 report on data centre electricity demand and AI projections

Organisation internationale du travail — Perspectives mondiales de l'emploi et du social 2025

WESO May 2025 update — labour share of income trends

Fonds monetaire international — IA generative : l'intelligence artificielle et l'avenir du travail

Staff Discussion Note SDN/2024/001

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory — Consommation d'eau des centres de donnees americains

2024 report on data centre water and energy use

Lockheed Martin — Circulaire de sollicitation de procurations 2024 (SEC DEF 14A)

Taiclet 2023 total compensation $22,813,775 (~$22.8M), not $29M. 2001-2024 stock ~+940% price / ~+1,800% total return.

Assemblee nationale du Quebec — Loi sur la laicite de l'Etat (projet de loi 21)

Assented 16 June 2019 (2019, c.12). A Quebec-origin secularism law, not a US import.

Agence nationale de retablissement apres les feux (Australie) — Fonds national de retablissement

'More than $2 billion' committed (6 Jan 2020), not $800M. Agency wound up into NEMA; bushfirerecovery.gov.au no longer resolves, cited via Wayback. Only $2M went to Indigenous fire knowledge exchange — NOT the savanna carbon-market scale-up.

Ressources naturelles Canada — Rapport sur le changement climatique au Canada

2019 national science assessment — warming rates, cryosphere, oceans, coasts

Ressources naturelles Canada — Systeme canadien d'information sur les feux de vegetation, statistiques declarees

Live national year-to-date area burned and fire counts by agency via api.cwfif.nrcan.gc.ca. Verified 2026-07-16: 13 agencies reconcile exactly to the national total (3,522 fires / 2,349,489.0 ha). The by-day endpoint reports a different measure (initial reported size) and must not be summed for cumulative work.

Ressources naturelles Canada — Programme Combattre et gerer les feux de foret dans un climat en changement

$346.1M over five years from 2022-23. Training Fund $28M; Equipment Fund $256M ($254.3M committed, agreements with every eligible province and territory). Both calls for applications closed.

Ressources naturelles Canada — Mission SatelliteFeux

$169.9M mission, launch targeted 2029. The prime contractor's contract was terminated for convenience in April 2026; the Canadian Space Agency maintains the 2029 date and budget.

Ressources naturelles Canada — Initiative pour un avenir resilient face aux incendies de foret

Up to $285M over five years from 2023-24 under the National Adaptation Strategy. A ceiling, and a component of the adaptation envelope rather than additional to it. All three streams closed.

Ressources naturelles Canada — Feux de vegetation

General wildland fire programme pages. Note its 'about 2.1 million hectares / more than 8,000 wildfires' averages carry no stated reference period and sit well above CIFFC's actual ten-year average fire count.

OCDE

OECD Municipal Waste statistics — used for international comparisons

Bureau du verificateur general du Canada — Suivi sur les programmes pour les Premieres Nations

Tabled 21 October 2025. Cite by title and date: the OAG web path implies Report 5, the catalogue number implies 7, and the PDF carries no report number.

Bureau du verificateur general du Canada — Rapport 8, La gestion des urgences dans les collectivites des Premieres Nations

Tabled 15 November 2022. Audit period 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2022. Paragraph 8.27 and Exhibit 8.2 carry the response-versus-prevention split; 8.35 the 112-project backlog; 8.50 the '18 times more likely' evacuation figure, sourced to an unnamed 2017 ISC study.

Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget — Analyse distributive de la redevance federale sur les combustibles (mise a jour)

10 October 2024. THE MOST MISREPORTED SOURCE IN THE CANADIAN CLIMATE DEBATE. Fiscal measure: the average household in every backstop province receives more than it pays. Fiscal PLUS economic measure: the average household faces a net cost. Both are the PBO's, in the same report, for the same year. Always say which one you are quoting. Counter-intuitively the combined measure is MORE progressive, because higher-income households absorb more of the lost employment and investment income.

Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget — Estimation de l'ecart d'emissions du Canada pour 2030

Independent estimate: 2030 emissions ~31.5-33.5% below 2005, gap of 49-102 Mt to target

Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget — Consequences financieres de l'atteinte de la cible de depenses militaires de l'OTAN

NATO-definition military spending ~$41B (2024-25); sustaining 2% would reach ~$81.9B by 2032-33 as GDP grows.

Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget — Base de donnees sur les familles a valeur nette elevee

Top 1% of families hold about 24% of net wealth.

Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget — Projection du cout du programme des Accords d'aide financiere en cas de catastrophe

Published 23 October 2025. Projects $1.8B/yr average 2025-2034, of which wildfires $325M/yr.

Parcs Canada — Financement du gouvernement du Canada pour la saison des feux 2024, Jasper

358 of 1,113 buildings destroyed. Parks Canada's own evacuation count is 'over 20,000'. FR domain is parcs.canada.ca.

Directeur parlementaire du budget

PBO housing affordability and federal spending analyses

Directeur parlementaire du budget — Analyse distributive d'un revenu de base garanti national (Mise a jour)

February 2025 update on GBI cost and distributional impact

Premier ministre du Canada — Le Canada a atteint la cible de defense de 2 % de l'OTAN

26 March 2026: Canada achieved 2% for 2025, spending 'more than $63 billion'. NATO's Hague pledge (June 2025) is now 5% of GDP by 2035 (3.5% core + 1.5% security-related).

Premier ministre du Canada — Le Canada et l'Alberta font avancer la proposition de projet de pipeline vers la cote Ouest

2 July 2026. Referred to the Major Projects Office; not designated, not approved, not filed with the Canada Energy Regulator. Route moved to the south coast so the Oil Tanker Moratorium Act need not be amended.

Premier ministre du Canada — Protocole d'entente Canada-Alberta

Signed 27 November 2025. Source of 'Canada will not implement the Oil and Gas Emissions Cap, which has not yet been put into effect.' The cap existed in draft only and was never in force.

Premier ministre du Canada — Charte de Kananaskis sur les feux de foret

G7 Leaders' Summit, 17 June 2025, with $120.4M for global wildfire prevention. Full text contains no mention of climate change or emissions.

Premier ministre du Canada — Financement permanent du transport en commun

$3B/yr permanent from 2026-27, announced 10 Feb 2021, part of $14.9B/8yr. Launched as the Canada Public Transit Fund (July 2024, $30B/10yr).

Premier ministre du Canada — Le premier ministre Mark Carney annule la hausse proposee de l'impot sur les gains en capital

21 March 2025. The June 2024 increase in the capital gains inclusion rate (to 66.67% above $250k) was cancelled; the rate is back to a 50% inclusion.

Premier ministre du Canada — Allocution au Trinity College de Dublin

13 June 2026.

Service des poursuites penales du Canada — Canada Bread condamnee pour fixation des prix

Canada Bread fined $50M on four counts of price-fixing (s.45 Competition Act). Loblaw/George Weston later settled a class action for $500M.

Securite publique Canada — Saison des feux 2024, notes pour comite parlementaire

Says 25,000 people were ORDERED to evacuate Jasper; Parks Canada's separate 'over 20,000' is the count evacuated. Both Tier 1, neither retracted.

Securite publique Canada — Strategie de securite civile pour le Canada

2019. Source of the '$6 saved for every $1 invested in prevention' figure. Its own footnote 6 attributes this to Multihazard Mitigation Council (2017), National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington — a US, all-hazards, federal-grants figure, not Canadian and not wildfire-specific.

MELCCFP — Marche du carbone

Quebec SPEDE cap-and-trade system data and auction results

Ministere de l'Environnement du Quebec — Revenus des ventes aux encheres verses au Fonds d'electrification et de changements climatiques

The cumulative auction total exists ONLY on the French page; the English page carries the FECC statement but no total. As of 17 June 2026: $11,548,254,581.41.

RECYC-QUEBEC

Quebec residual materials management reports. FR primary source.

Rijkswaterstaat (Pays-Bas)

Dutch waste management and circular economy statistics

Commission royale sur les dispositifs nationaux en cas de catastrophe naturelle (Australie) — Rapport

Reported 28 October 2020. 80 recommendations. Paragraph 17.42 finds fuel reduction of diminishing effectiveness as conditions deteriorate; the Commission set no national hazard-reduction target and the Commonwealth declined its call for a national aerial fleet.

Societe d'habitation du Quebec

Quebec housing data — social housing, rent supplement, housing conditions. FR primary.

Comite senatorial permanent de l'agriculture et des forets — Le Canada en feu

Report 4, 45th Parliament, 1st Session, tabled 10 June 2026. 15 recommendations. Recommendation 2 asks for a federal coordinating office, not a national wildfire agency. The 'only G7 country without a national wildfire agency' line does not appear in the report.

Statistique Canada

Table 38-10-0032-01: Disposal of waste, by source

Statistique Canada — Tendances de l'emploi canadien a l'ere de l'IA generative

Economic and Social Reports, January 2026

Statistique Canada — Recensement de l'agriculture

2021 Census of Agriculture — farmland conversion data

Statistique Canada — Indice des prix a la consommation, avril 2025

The measured effect of removing the consumer carbon price: gasoline -18.1% year over year, which StatCan attributes mainly to the removal. Quebec is the natural control at -12.1% because SPEDE was unaffected. The April 2026 CPI confirms the base-year effect: the drop has since fallen out of the 12-month movement.

Statistique Canada — Comptes economiques repartis des menages, patrimoine

Median net worth of the bottom 40% of households ($64,150, 2023).

Statistique Canada — Production et disponibilite d'electricite

2024 preliminary electricity supply and disposition (623 TWh, ~78% non-emitting)

Statistique Canada — Estimations experimentales de l'exposition professionnelle a l'IA au Canada

Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, 2024

Statistique Canada — Le navettage, Recensement de 2016

Average one-way commute 26.2 minutes (2016 Census, latest comparable). '52 min' would be round-trip.

Statistique Canada — Transport en commun urbain

2025 ridership 82.2% of 2019 volume (1.55B trips).

Institut international de recherche sur la paix de Stockholm (SIPRI) — Base de donnees des depenses militaires

US ~$997B in 2024 (~37% of world total); outspends about the next 6 countries combined.

Cour supreme du Canada — Confederation des syndicats nationaux c. Canada (Procureur general), 2008 CSC 68

EI surplus reached ~$57B by ~2008, not 1996. Court upheld the scheme generally but found the 2002, 2003 and 2005 premiums unconstitutional as an unauthorized tax. Case is CSN v Canada, NOT CUPE v Canada.

Cour supreme des Etats-Unis — Citizens United c. FEC, 558 U.S. 310 (2010)

Permits unlimited INDEPENDENT expenditures, not direct contributions to candidates (that ban stands). Decided 21 Jan 2010.

Departement des Anciens Combattants des Etats-Unis — Rapport annuel sur la prevention du suicide chez les veterans

17.6 veteran suicides/day (2022 data, all-era). Distinct from the post-9/11 30,177 vs 7,057 comparison.

U.S. Geological Survey

Peer-reviewed mass-balance work on Western Canada glacier loss 2021–2024

Archives nationales americaines — Statistiques des pertes de la guerre du Vietnam

58,220 US military fatal casualties. The 4 Aug 1964 second Gulf of Tonkin attack did not occur (NSA/Hanyok declassified study).

Comite des forces armees du Senat americain — Loi d'autorisation de la defense nationale 2025

FY2025 NDAA authorizes $895.2B ($849.9B DoD + $33.3B DOE). $886B was the FY2024 topline. Per SIPRI 2024, the US now outspends about the next 6 countries combined, not 10.

Legislation du Royaume-Uni — Climate Change Act 2008

Legally binding UK carbon budgets and independent Climate Change Committee oversight

Secretariat des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC)

Official UNFCCC compliance documentation — Canada withdrawal from Kyoto Protocol

Bureau historique du Senat americain — Le comite Nye

93 hearings, 200+ witnesses incl. J.P. Morgan Jr. and Pierre du Pont. senate.gov 403s automated fetching; confirmed via Wayback.

Anciens Combattants Canada — Monument national a la mission du Canada en Afghanistan

158 Canadian Armed Forces members died, plus 7 civilians (1 diplomat, 4 aid workers, 1 contractor, 1 journalist) = 165 total. Calling all 165 'soldiers' is incorrect.

Banque mondiale — Indicateurs du Costa Rica

Military abolished 1948 (Constitution Art. 12, 1949). Life expectancy ~80.9; literacy ~99.5% (2021), higher than the claim's 98%.

Forum economique mondial — Rapport sur l'avenir de l'emploi 2025

Bank of America — 60 % des emplois actuels n'existaient pas en 1940

Via Fortune — Bank of America research note May 2026

CBC — Le gouvernement Carney coupe des centaines de postes en environnement et en science

CBC — Ottawa propose des mesures pour simplifier les approbations de projets en un an

Rapport sur les prix alimentaires au Canada 2026 (Dalhousie, Guelph, UBC, Saskatchewan)

Family of four projected to spend $17,571.79 on food in 2026, an increase of up to $994.63. Basket member ages not published.

Canada's National Observer — Carney accelere la legislation sur les projets majeurs

Institut climatique du Canada

Independent climate policy research — emissions tracking and carbon pricing analysis

Institut climatique du Canada — Comment integrer les centres de donnees d'IA aux reseaux electriques du Canada

Christianson et coll. — Evacuations liees aux feux de vegetation au Canada de 1980 a 2021 (International Journal of Wildland Fire)

IJWF 33(7), WF23097. Authored largely by Canadian Forest Service and Parks Canada staff. The 41.9% figure counts evacuation EVENTS in majority-Indigenous communities, not evacuees; measured by people, First Nations on reserve were 27.5% of all evacuees.

Costs of War Project, Universite Brown

Post-9/11 wars: 940,000+ direct deaths, 432,000+ civilians (4.5-4.7M incl. indirect); ~$8T. Afghanistan $2.3T; 30,177 post-9/11 service-member/veteran suicides vs 7,057 killed in operations.

Deloitte pour ECCC

Economic Study of the Canadian Plastic Industry, Markets and Waste (2019 reference data)

Environmental Defence Canada

Canadian environmental advocacy org — plastic waste, toxics, climate campaigns

Environmental Defence — Modifications proposees aux decisions sur les projets majeurs

Advocacy organization — label as such when cited.

FPInnovations — Evaluation des pertes de structures du feu de Jasper

MacKinnon & Collins, WF TR 2025 N4, October 2025. Found 3-4x loss rates on blocks with >10% combustible roofs, but also no statistically significant difference between paired burned and unburned structures once structure-to-structure ignition dominated.

Intellifeu Canada — Programme de reconnaissance communautaire et la zone d'allumage

The program is 'Neighbourhood Recognition' (FR: reconnaissance communautaire); there is no 'certification'. The brand is Intellifeu in French. The Home Ignition Zone is three NAMED zones within 30 m (Immediate 0-1.5 m, Intermediate 1.5-10 m, Extended 10-30 m); the old 30-100 m Zone 3 is retired.

Banques alimentaires Canada — Bilan-Faim 2025

~2.2 million visits in March 2025 (a single-month snapshot, not a sustained monthly average). Employed clients 19.4%, up from 12.2% in 2019.

Frontiers in AI — IA, RUB et pouvoir : violence symbolique dans le recit de l'elite technologique

Belisle-Pipon (Simon Fraser University), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, February 2025

Goldman Sachs — Les effets potentiellement importants de l'IA sur la croissance economique

Economics research report, 2023

Google — Rapport environnemental 2025

Corporate sustainability report — self-reported data

Institut de prevention des sinistres catastrophiques — Analyse d'impact du Guide national sur les incendies en milieu periurbain

Porter, Scawthorn & Sandink, ICLR paper no. 69, May 2021, prepared for the National Research Council of Canada. DOI 10.4224/40002649. The genuine Canadian wildfire-specific benefit-cost source. Headline ratios are ceilings: for an existing house, vegetation control returns 32:1 in high hazard but 0.2:1 in low hazard.

Bureau d'assurance du Canada — Pertes assurees du feu de foret de Jasper

Figures from CatIQ. $1.23B superseded an earlier $880M; second-costliest fire event after Fort McMurray 2016 ($6.2B).

Jain et coll. — Facteurs et impacts de la saison de feux record de 2023 au Canada (Nature Communications)

Nature Communications 15:6764, DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-51154-7. Co-authored by Canadian Forest Service scientists. Source for the lightning share of area burned and for the finding that the widely quoted 18.5 Mha figure for 2023 is a preliminary in-season tally.

Johnston et Flannigan — Cartographie des zones d'interface des feux de vegetation au Canada (International Journal of Wildland Fire)

IJWF 27(1):1-14. Lead author affiliated with Natural Resources Canada. The paper states explicitly that no estimate of homes or population in the interface can be directly produced from it, and it is a static baseline: no national interface growth rate exists.

Bibliotheque du Parlement (NotesdelaColline) — L'impot sur le revenu des societes au Canada

Federal corporate rate 28% (2000) -> 18% (2010) -> 15% (2012 onward). Corporate income tax was 12.3% of federal revenue in 2019-20.

Universite McMaster — Projet pilote de revenu de base de l'Ontario : les signes de succes

McMaster/Ryerson research on cancelled Ontario pilot outcomes

Microsoft — Rapport de durabilite environnementale 2024

Corporate sustainability report — self-reported data

More in Common — The Hidden Tribes of America

US study. The four middle groups sum to 67% ('Exhausted Majority'); Progressive Activists + Devoted Conservatives = 14%. There is no Canadian equivalent in this dataset.

Murray et Rivers — La taxe carbone sans incidence sur les revenus de la Colombie-Britannique (Energy Policy)

Energy Policy 86:674-683. The 5-15% is emissions IN THE PROVINCE — not 'from taxed fuels' and not 'vs the rest of Canada'; that framing belongs to Elgie & McClay. Do not cross the two. sciencedirect.com 403s; the abstract is readable via ideas.repec.org.

National Institute of Building Sciences — Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves

2019 edition, the latest. The origin of the '$6 per $1' figure Canada cites (all-hazards federal grants). Its wildfire-specific ratios are the lowest of any hazard studied: 4:1 above code, 2:1 building retrofit, 3:1 federal grants — the last resting on 25 grants worth $56M. The often-cited '$13 per $1' is earthquake retrofit only.

OCDE — Statistiques des recettes publiques 2025

Denmark 45.2% tax-to-GDP (2024, highest in OECD). Canada ~34.8% (2023), above the OECD average — not 33%.

OpenAI — Politique industrielle pour l'ere de l'intelligence

13-page OpenAI policy document, April 2026 — via TechCrunch

PROOF, Universite de Toronto — Insecurite alimentaire des menages au Canada 2024

2024: 25.5% of people in the ten provinces food-insecure (~10 million, incl. 2.5 million children). Excludes territories.

Parisien et coll. — Le deficit de feu accroit le risque pour de nombreuses communautes de la foret boreale canadienne (Nature Communications)

Nature Communications 11:2121 (CFS authorship). Fire deficit near 54.4% of 160 communities, but bounded to the WUI ('in parts of Canada'). Danneyrolles et al. 2025 (CJFR) finds it less pronounced in Canada than the US, with over half the analyzed area outside active fire management.

Quincy Institute / David Vine — Bases militaires americaines a l'etranger

~750 US bases in 80 countries and colonies (2021 estimate).

Deuxieme recolte / Value Chain Management International — La crise evitable du gaspillage alimentaire (mise a jour)

Oct 2024, funded by Loblaw. Over 46% of ALL food in Canada is wasted; the $58B values only the AVOIDABLE portion (~41.7% of waste), not all of it, and covers the whole value chain including imports.

TD Economics — Centres de donnees dans un monde a reseau contraint

L'Encyclopedie canadienne — Parti reformiste du Canada

Founded Winnipeg, Oct 30-Nov 1 1987; Manning leader; 'The West Wants In' adopted 1988.

World Happiness Report — Finlande

Finland ranked #1 in the 2025 report, its 8th consecutive year. University is tuition-free for domestic/EU students; non-EU students pay fees.

Zhang et coll. — Pollution aux PM2,5 a longue distance et impacts sanitaires des feux canadiens de 2023 (Nature)

Nature 645(8081):672-678, DOI 10.1038/s41586-025-09482-1. Acute: 1,300 Canada + 4,100 USA (of 5,400 on Canada smoke days). Chronic: 8,300 Canada, 33,000 USA, 82,100 worldwide. Acute varies by a factor of 4 with the exposure-response function.

American Public Transportation Association — Impact economique de l'investissement dans le transport en commun

The '$5 in long-term economic value per $1 invested' figure is APTA's (a US transit-industry advocacy body) and is model-dependent. Attribute; not a Canadian or neutral-government statistic.

CBC/Radio-Canada — La ligne de denonciation des 'pratiques culturelles barbares' de 2015 et le debat sur le niqab

Tip line announced 2 Oct 2015 (Alexander & Leitch); Conservatives lost 19 Oct 2015. Chris Alexander later blamed the line for the loss.

CBC/Radio-Canada — Dons et occupation du 'convoi de la liberte' (2022)

~3-week occupation; ~$22M combined (GoFundMe ~$10.1M + GiveSendGo ~$12.2M). US donors ~59% by number of donations but only ~46% by dollar value on GiveSendGo.

Canadiens pour une fiscalite equitable — L'essor continu des paradis fiscaux

July 2025. Advocacy organization — attribute explicitly. $682B in tax havens (2024), +165% over ten years, 46 of 60 TSX 60 companies. A haven subsidiary is not proof of avoidance.

Carbon Credits — Carney admet que le Canada manquera ses cibles 2030 et 2035

RELIABILITY CONCERN, flagged 2026-07-16: this article states Canada's 2024 emissions were 'approximately 816 megatonnes', which contradicts Environment and Climate Change Canada's National Inventory Report figure of 685 Mt CO2 eq. The 'Carney admits' framing also could not be traced to a primary source: the underlying December 2025 Radio-Canada interview does not contain the widely quoted wording. Downgraded to tier 3. Prefer the verified 30 June 2026 statement ('The changes we have made will mean that our emissions will be higher...') and the Canadian Climate Institute's February 2026 assessment.

Dominion Voting Systems c. Fox News Network (Cour superieure du Delaware)

$787.5M settlement, 18 April 2023. For a Tier-1 cite use the Delaware Superior Court docket C.A. N21C-03-257 EMD.

Representation equitable au Canada — Campagne pour la representation proportionnelle

National citizens' campaign for proportional representation.

Federation canadienne des municipalites — L'infrastructure et l'ecart de financement municipal

Municipal advocacy. Current national infrastructure deficit ~$270B (2025); the frequently-cited '$175B' matches no current FCM figure. >60% of core infrastructure, 8-10 cents of every tax dollar.

France — Loi Garot (loi anti-gaspillage alimentaire de 2016), effets rapportes

Loi 2016-138 bans supermarkets destroying unsold edible food. The 'more than 20%' rise in food-bank donations is the French government's estimate reported via journalism; no primary government statistic located. Supermarkets donating rose from 66% to >90%.

La conspiration des tramways de General Motors (dossier historique)

GM fined $5,000; treasurer $1. Convicted of conspiring to monopolize the sale of buses/supplies, NOT transit-system ownership (acquitted on that). NCL controlled 46 systems in 45 cities by 1947. Historians (e.g. George W. Hilton) dispute the conspiracy's causal role in streetcar decline.

Dossier historique — lancement de Fox News (1996)

Launched 7 Oct 1996; Roger Ailes founding CEO. The 'explicit strategy / conservative ecosystem' characterization is interpretation.

Dossier historique — la strategie sudiste (Goldwater, Nixon/Phillips, Atwater)

The term and systematic strategy are usually credited to Nixon/Phillips (1968); crediting Goldwater 1964 as 'pioneer' is contested historiography. Phillips quote via Garry Wills, Nixon Agonistes (1970).

Dossier historique — les publicites Willie Horton (1988)

The mugshot 'Weekend Passes' ad was run by an independent PAC (NSPAC/Floyd Brown), not the Bush campaign; the campaign's own 'Revolving Door' ad had no mugshot.

Les Compagnies Loblaw limitee — Resultats de l'exercice 2024

FY2024 revenue ~$61.0B, net income ~$2.17B -> net margin ~3.56%. Supports the grocers' thin-margin point.

Les Compagnies Loblaw limitee — Resultats du premier trimestre de 2025

Company filing. Q1 2025 net earnings to common shareholders $503M, up 9.6%. This is total-company profit (grocery + pharmacy + PC Optimum + financial services + real estate), not food-only.

Pew Research Center / Gallup — Sondages americains sur les verifications d'armes, les impots, la sante et le salaire minimum

US polling, sensitive to question wording. Background checks ~81-86%; higher taxes on income >$400k ~58% (Pew, not 72%); government should ensure coverage ~62% (Gallup); $15 federal minimum ~62% (Pew 2021).

L'Encyclopedie canadienne / histoires du transport municipal — Fermetures des reseaux de tramway

Streetcar closures: Calgary 1950, Edmonton 1951, Winnipeg 1955, Vancouver 1955, Ottawa 1959, Montreal 1959. Toronto is the only major Canadian city that kept its streetcars. Canadian removal was primarily municipal cost/aging-infrastructure decisions, not the GM plot.

The Nation — L'entrevue de 1981 de Lee Atwater sur la strategie sudiste

1981 interview (Alexander Lamis), audio released by The Nation 2012. Atwater's 1991 deathbed apology via Life magazine.

Federal Communications Commission des Etats-Unis — Doctrine d'equite (abolie en 1987)

FCC abolished the doctrine 4 Aug 1987; it bound broadcast licensees. Fox News is cable and was never subject to it.

World BEYOND War — Placements du Regime de pensions du Canada dans les entreprises d'armement

Advocacy tally (~$870M across 9 firms, 2022; other groups cite $1.4-1.6B). Definition-dependent, includes dual-use firms (Airbus, Honeywell, GE, Boeing). CPP is the FEDERAL plan only; Quebec's QPP and other provincial funds are separate.